Why Should Students Be Penalized for Poor Attendance free essay sample

For what reason would it be advisable for me to be punished for not appearing at class? This regular inquiry is heard each semester in pretty much every course. Understudies are continually addressing why a teacher ought to have the ability to punish them for not going to class, however there are reasons. The first is that in the event that you pursue that specific class they anticipate that you should join in and accomplish the work, be prompt and have obligation. Another basic idea of thinking is the way that there are over twelve others that might need to take that class and will appear and show up to class every week on schedule. At long last after each class we should leave with some type of recently discovered information that the teacher was attempting to pass on. A few understudies contemplate that, for what reason should the educators stress over participation, in the event that they are the ones paying for the class shouldnt that be their choice whether to go to class or not? For a model imagine a scenario in which a specific understudy misses classes every now and again yet submit all the assignments and get passing marks on it, should the teacher punish that understudy despite the fact that they know the material and is doing acceptable in class. Shouldnt be the understudies choice on going to class since they are aying for that class? Would it have any kind of effect for the educator if the understudy was there or not? Along these lines it isn't just valuable to an understudies grade point normal, yet in addition as a fundamental ability to work on being reliable for class. We will compose a custom exposition test on For what reason Should Students Be Penalized for Poor Attendance or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It is likewise an indication of regard for to be timely for any occasion whether it be a class, a meeting, or even a gathering. At the point when somebody shows up later than expected, it can nearly be viewed as an affront, as though they had progressively significant things booked. Being on time isn't just an indication of regard, yet additionally abstains from humiliating accidents, for example, disturbing an a whole class strolling in late and attempting o discover a seat while class is as of now in meeting. My perspective on this is there will consistently be a contention among understudies and instructors on this theme. I imagine that despite the fact that an understudy may know somewhat more than the other, class participation and cooperation is beneficial for us, the connection among educator and understudy is significant when you are learning, and in the event that you pursue the class, at that point it is on the grounds that you have something you have to learn, presently how would you do that in the event that you dont appear or are late to class? For what reason Should Students Be Penalized for Poor Attendance By brunitinhay2k

Boo.Com, the Failure Free Essays

Worldwide BUSINESS; Boo. com, Online Fashion Retailer, Goes Out of Business By ANDREW ROSS SORKIN Published: May 19, 2000 It should follow the website fantasy content. Two youthful business visionaries devise a thought for the following huge online business Web webpage, raise huge entireties of money, spend richly on promoting, lose cash on each deal, take the organization open and make each representative an extremely rich person. We will compose a custom article test on Boo.Com, the Failure or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Today, Boo. com, an European style e-posterior supported by the French extravagance merchandise head honcho Bernard Arnault, the Benetton family, Goldman, Sachs Company and J. P. Morgan, among others, is bankrupt and has been compelled to call the vendors, a half year after its Internet debut. The idea for Boo. com appeared to be conceivable enough. Ernst Malmsten and Kajsa Leander, two 29-year-old Swedes, established Boo. com here in 1998, wanting to make an online design retailer that would offer worldwide support in seven dialects and numerous monetary standards. What's more, obviously, the site would utilize the most cutting edge innovation. Boo. com boasted about its capacity to let clients see items in three measurements from 360 degrees, giving them a genuine feeling of how a piece of clothing looked. Financial specialists were so taken with the thought and its two originators †Ms. Leander had been an Elite model and both had begun an online book shop called Bokus. com †that Boo. com was capable raise $125 million very quickly from a first class program of the incredibly well off. Before beginning Boo. com, the authors advanced the site in exchange diaries and lustrous design magazines. In any case, it was additionally evident that the authors were too much aspiring. The organization built up its base camp on chic Carnaby Street in London, with satellite workplaces in New York, Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam and Munich. The staff extended from 40 at first to more than 400. Workers routinely flew with every available amenity and remained in five-star inns, as indicated by a previous staff part. Many were given workstations and Palm Pilots for home use, as per this individual, and the organization utilized Federal Express to send standard mail. †They had next to no spending limitation, to put it mildly,† said Noah Yasskin, an expert at the London office of Jupiter Communications, an Internet inquire about firm. The site itself was additionally tormented by specialized issues and delays, and accepting twice the length foreseen to evelop. Once fully operational, it turned out to be certain that clients without quick associations with the Internet couldn't utilize the website, a point Boo. com gloated about. That e-gaudiness distanced clients with increasingly humble modem speeds, which happened to be a large portion of Europe and the United States, Boo. com’s two most significant mark ets. †Ninety-nine percent of European and 98 percent of U. S. homes come up short on the data transmission expected to handily access such animation,† Therese Torris, an investigator at Forrester Research in Amsterdam, wrote in a report. Furthermore, anybody with a Macintosh PC couldn't utilize the site. While Boo. com later balanced itself to permit clients with more slow associations and Macs to obtain entrance, the progressions came past the point of no return. Deals for the initial three months of the site’s activity were $680,000, while the organization was blowing through more than $1 million every month. The end came as Boo. com’s originators, with just $500,000 left, battled futile to discover supporters to furrow more cash into the site. ‘We are profoundly disillusioned that it has been important to solicit KPMG to become vendors from the company,† the prime supporters and speculators said in a joint explanation. †The senior administration of Boo. com has put forth exhausting attempts in the course of the most recent couple of weeks to raise the extra subsidizes which would have permitted the organization to go ahead with an unmistakable arrangement. † Over the most rece nt half a month, Mr. Malmsten and Ms. Leander, who together own around 40 percent of the organization, had been begging speculators to pay more. As indicated by a representative for Mr. Arnault: †He didn’t need to face the challenge. He would have been eager to remain included in the event that he could have had more control. † truth be told, in a meeting in Paris half a month back about his Internet possessions, Mr. Arnault would not examine Boo. com. Regardless of whether Boo. com’s disappointment forecasts further issues for dress e-rears is hazy. In any case, some Internet experts said Boo. com’s rise and fall mirror a difficult that goes past simply selling garments. . †The showcase has woken up to the way that the measure of business e-posteriors like Boo. om create is a great deal lower than we anticipated,† said Tony Shiret, an expert at Credit Suisse First Boston in London. †A key defining moment was what occurred in the U. S. over Christmas,† he included, alluding to numerous online retailers that announced missed deals projections. †It’s been baffling. † On Wednesday, Pricewaterho useCoopers discharged a report foreseeing that 25 percent of all Internet organizations in Britain could deplete their money inside a half year. In any case, the issues at Boo. com issues were to some degree self-incurred, Mr. Yasskin said. †They attempted to do too much,† he said. †Opening up in numerous nations at the same time is inconceivable. † One significant hindrance for Boo. com may essentially have been the kind of product it was attempting to sell. †If you take a gander at effective destinations, they are driven by price,† Mr. Shiret said. †It is difficult to sell apparel at a cost base that bodes well without the scale. † Indeed, Boo. com never contended on value like most different retailers; it would have liked to charm clients with its intuitive administrations and accommodation. Regardless, Boo. com may merit something, regardless of whether it is just a small amount of the $400 million worth its organizers once credited to the organization. KPMG, which is dealing with the liquidation procedure, said today that it had gotten in excess of 30 requests. In a meeting with The Sunday Telegraph prior this month, Mr. Malmsten conceded he may have made slips up. †We have committed a few errors and we were late with our dispatch, yes,† he said. †But individuals are free to come ’round here into our workplaces and see what is happening now. † The most effective method to refer to Boo.Com, the Failure, Essay models

Techniques for Idea Generation Mind Maps

Techniques for Idea Generation Mind Maps The Mind Mapping technique was created to be an effective way to produce ideas by association. It transforms a huge list of dull or tedious information into a highly organized, colorful and memorable pictorial representation that is in agreement with the brain’s normal manner of doing things. With respect to creative problem solving, mind maps help to show how different pieces of information or different ideas are connected. © Shutterstock.com | Petr VaclavekFrom this article, you’ll learn 1) definition of mind mapping, 2) how did this ideation technique originate? 3) essential features of a mind map, 4) how to build your own mind map, 5) applications of mind maps, 6) advantages of using mind maps, and 7) short note on mind mapping tools.DEFINITION OF MIND MAPPINGA mind map is a graphical representation utilized to visually organize information. The process of mind mapping involves penning a central theme and coming up with new and associated ideas that branch out from the central idea. The central single idea is frequently in the format of an image drawn in the middle of a blank landscape page to which connected representations of ideas such as words, images, facts, figures, concepts or parts of words are added as they are thought up. Mind mapping utilizes the concept of “radiant thinking.” This means thoughts radiate (branch out) in different directions from a single idea. The branches may move forwards and backwards to and from the main (central) idea. This is in contrast to “linear thinking” which is a thought process following a step-by-step flow or known cycles where it is necessary to get the response to one step before moving to the next step.As is the case with other mapping techniques, the objective of mind mapping is to concentrate attention and to acquire and frame knowledge to enable the sharing of concepts and ideas.HOW DID THIS IDEATION TECHNIQUE ORIGINATE?Tony Buzan is the name frequently used in connection with mind mapping. It is true that he popularized the term “mind map.” However, the utilization of diagrams that graphically “map” information using radial maps and branching, dates back centuries. Similar strategies were utilized in the 3rd century by Porphyry of Tyros to conceptualize Aristotle’s ideas.The semantic network was created in the late 1950s as a hypothesis to comprehend human learning that was further revised by M. Ross Quillian and Allan M. Collins at some point in the early 1960s. The radial structure of mind maps is similar to that of concept maps, created in the 1970s by learning specialists. However, the difference is that the former are made easier by concentrating around a central, single key concept.Tony Buzan’s argument is that ‘traditional’ outlines call for the reader to scan information in a left to right, top to bottom manner that is in contrast to the brain’s natural propensity to scan the whole page in a non-linear manner. Buzan additionally utilizes widespread suppositions pertaining to the cerebral hemispheres so as to encourage the exclusive utilization of mind mapping in preference to other kinds of note making.ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A MIND MAPGiven below are five key characteristics of a mind map:There is a single key idea, focus, subject or concept graphically represented in the form of a central image.The key themes associated with the idea, focus, subject or concept radiate fr om the central picture as branches.Each branch carries a key word or image printed or drawn on the associated line.Other branches, shown as twigs are connected to the main branches. The twigs represent concepts of lesser importance.The branches create a linked nodal structure.HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN MIND MAPIf you are using a mind map to get employees in your business to come up with ideas/solutions, you may give them instructions as follows:Prerequisite: Keep blank paper and colored pens ready. If A4 paper seems inadequate, you can consider A3 paper.Step 1: Start with the topic Put the topic, central concept or idea in image form, in the center of an empty page. Space on the page should be used wisely and yet freely so that the brain doesn’t feel unbridled, and there is space to occupy more and more ideas as they come. Beginning in the center provides the brain with freedom to move in all directions and reveal ideas/solutions more naturally and freely. It may be more convenient to position the page in landscape orientation because that makes drawing easier.Step 2: Define the structure Create the fundamental structure with which you would be organizing your ideas. The structure would include branches radiating out from the central idea and drawn as thick lines. These main branches are termed as Basic Organizing Ideas (BOIs).Step 3: Define each branch Put down a key image or word for each branch as your ideas come. Allow the ideas to flow freely and quickly (long pauses are not to be encouraged) without judgment on whether they are practical or crazy. Also no need to bother about aesthetics. Draw freely and unconcernedly.Step 4: Highlight the priorities The concepts of lesser importance can be represented as the twigs and drawn as thinner lines.Step 5: Extend your mind map by additional ideas As information and ideas keep coming, connect them to the mind map in a suitable manner.Step 6: Review and revise After the first attempt, allow your mind to settle. Once it has, you may want to revisit what you did. Review it and revise and/or reorder it. Sometimes, a different sheet of paper may be required for this.How about two mind maps?Another way to mind map and this is for problem-solving, is to create two different mind maps, one each for the problem and solutions. For the problem mind map, the problem would be the main idea represented in the center with causes and aspects of the problem connected by branches. Sub-branches can be used to examine the problem in more detail. For the solution mind map, the solution would be the key idea represented in the center. By way of the main branches, one can provide the routes that would help to solve the problem. One can incorporate organizations, colleagues, resources or techniques that would be of assistance and associated with those routes. Sub-branches can be added as one venture into the details.Drawing two mind maps makes one realize that a single obstacle could have multiple potential solutions . It is up to the person drawing the mind map and others concerned to find that solution(s) which is most practical, cost-effective and/or time-saving. A final branch may be developed with the selected solution or blend of solutions, with the sub-branches connecting to and from the details of intended method(s) of implementation.A properly done mind map is very easy to review as it is possible to frequently refresh information mentally just by a cursory glance. The mind map would depict the “shape” of the topic, the comparative significance of individual branches/twigs, and the manner in which facts are connected to one another. Remembering the structure and shape of the mind map can provide cues that would help to recollect the information within the map.Suggestions/Tips/TechniquesUse colors for the whole project. Colors give the mind map extra vitality and arouse the brain’s creative and visual faculties.Stick to single words or brief meaningful phrases for key words. Too ma ny words would only cause cluttering.Similar information, if any, can be clustered together.Capital letters are to be preferred to small caps.It would be a good idea to make the branches curved instead of straight. Only straight lines in the map may come across as boring to the brain.Use as many images as possible. Besides being easy to remember, a picture is worth a thousand words.Use arrows to show connections between ideas.If the person wishes and if required, he can annotate the mind map. An example would be providing references to other sources, making them identifiable by writing them down in a different color of pen.One should feel free to adopt a personal style as this would boost the creative fire.Information in one section of the mind map may have some connection to another section. If this is the case, the person can draw lines to depict the cross-linkages. This would assist with comprehending how one aspect of the subject impacts another. It is also acceptable to use oth er visuals such as callouts or speech bubbles to depict the link to the key/central idea or theme.The person should stay calm throughout the mind mapping process. This suggestion may not be suitable for an office environment but is good for mind mapping at home. To do so, the person should distance himself from the topic to work on, by taking brief breaks and then coming back to it clearheaded and fresh. A short walk could help. By providing the brain with rest, one will find that it becomes more forthcoming with ideas.APPLICATIONS OF MIND MAPSAs is the case with other diagramming tools, this idea generation technique may be utilized to generalize, structure, visualize and classify ideas. It also helps with triggering creativity and creative solutions, organizing information, making decisions and solving problems. Mind mapping is also used for brainstorming. Here, ideas are introduced into the map in a radial manner surrounding the central node, bereft of the implicit prioritization associated with sequential or hierarchy arrangements, and in which grouping and organizing is kept for later stages.Data collected from mind maps may be utilized to enhance various other applications, examples being search engines and specialist search systems. To achieve this, the mind map may be examined with traditional techniques of information recovery to classify the author of the mind map or documents that are connected from inside the mind map.Other applications include:Making notes, whether for presentations or essays, from lectures or from secondary sources such as books;Studying and remembering information (it has been propounded that mind mapping can enhance study/learning effectiveness by 15 percent more than traditional note-taking;Displaying information in a layout that depicts the structure of a subject taken as a whole;Simplifying a complicated idea;As a mnemonic;To team up in sessions of color pen creativity.ADVANTAGES OF USING MIND MAPSMind maps help the user uti lize the complete power of the brain, both the left which is more associated with logical and analytical thinking, and the right which is utilized for day dreaming, spatial awareness, color, imagination and a feeling of wholeness. This idea generation technique has several advantages including that it:Spurs one on to view the bigger picture;Requires less time to develop;Consumes less space than notes that are chronologically arranged;Allows large topics or projects to be broken down into manageable chunks and this broken-down form, therefore, facilitates effective planning and minimizes chances of forgetting key points and being overwhelmed;Increases concentration;Helps trigger more associations and ideas by applying radial thinking;Provides pleasure to the eyes (once completed, the mind map appears like a mini work of art to those who behold it).SHORT NOTE ON MIND MAPPING TOOLSThough in many cases, it is suitable to draw mind maps using the hand, software applications and tools can broaden the scope of mind-mapping by permitting those engaged in the process to map more than ideas and thoughts using information on the internet and computers, such as documents, spreadsheets, images and internet sites. A few of these tools are discussed below:iMindMap: This concept mapping software utilizes Tony Buzan’s trademark mind mapping techniques to develop maps for project management, brainstorming, creative thinking, organizing, and planning and delivery of presentations. ThinkBuzan developed the desktop application. The tool runs on Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows. iMindMap has focus applications, examples of which are Expand and Collapse Branches and Focus In and Out which can assist with moving around the problem and making the mind concentrate.Coggle: This is a freeware web application for mind mapping. Some of its prominent features are real-time collaboration, markdown text formatting, iOS support, sharing with individuals, organizations or through a private link , and LaTeX math support utilizing  MathJax. Auto-save and revision features mean it is possible to view how the mind map looked prior to someone who was invited beginning to work with it. The software enables creation of linear and organic mind maps utilizing a keyboard, mouse, tablet computer or interactive keyboard.XMind: Created by XMind Lt.d, XMind software helps with both mind mapping and brainstorming. Apart from the management elements, the tool can clarify thinking, capture ideas, promote team collaboration and handle complicated information for greater productivity. In addition to mind maps, it supports spread sheets, fishbone diagrams, organization charts and tree diagrams.Mind maps are currently utilized by many millions of people across the globe. It appears that this idea generation technique will increase in popularity and continue to be used for many, many years to come.

Gender Inequality in Vietnam - 2316 Words

ABSTRACT As one of the worlds leading countries in the proportion of women engaged in economic activity and 1st ranking in the Asia Pacific region on the proportion of women in the National Assembly, Vietnam is considered one of the leading advances in the field of gender equality. Vietnam has the appropriate policies to ensure equal rights for men and women and has made significant progress to reduce the gender gap in health and education as well as improve the situation of women women in general. However, these achievements have not purely synchronous and along with that progress there still exists several shortcomings. Moreover, with the transition process to more and more expanding market economy, the challenges of gender equality are†¦show more content†¦They arre only permitted to perform household chores such as cooking, cleaning, taking care of children. This problem is still occurring in many rural and remote areas, where women had little access to scientific knowledge. Gender discrimination in wages and recruitment Although the promulgated Law on gender equality has clearly stated: Men and women are equal in standard age when being hired, are treated equally at working place, wages, bonuses, social insurance, working conditions and other working conditions† (Article 13 Law on Gender Equality), but the discrimination against women is common in the recruitment process. Vietnam newspapers regularly publish job advertisements specify gender requirements of candidates for the vacancy, given the different standard requirements for males and females, or to do the same job, women must meet the higher standards than men. Age discrimination in the labor process The difference in age is affecting the career opportunities of women, especially in the public sector. However, controversy surrounds the issue of retired age is still undecided because this also relates to five-year additional pension expenditures - a profitably significant transfers of resources for women and this expense will no longer exist if we raise the retired age of women equally to mens retired age. While a longer life leads to the fact that there are more women than men among the people who retires at theShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality: To What Extent Does It Still Exist Today1257 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequality: To What Extent Does it Still Exist Today? Throughout history, womens roles in society have been different than those of mens. Women’s jobs were generally connected to their traditional roles of caring for the home, raising children, making clothes, and cooking food, while men were the breadwinners in the families. Women had been brought up to become mothers (as well as nurturers) while men were brought up to become entrepreneurs and businessmen. It was not until the 1950s thatRead MoreThe Fight Against Gender Inequality1135 Words   |  5 Pagesadvances on gender inequality, but the sexism still prevalent in all aspects of life and in most countries around the world. I am a woman. I was born and raised in Vietnam, where gender biased ideology is extremely prevalent throughout society. It is an ideology in which men are considered more important than women. In the spiritual life of Vietnamese, people must have a son to keep their family lineages continuously growing. This pressure is on people from generation to gen erations. The gender disparityRead MoreThe Vietnam War ( 1955-1975 )1575 Words   |  7 PagesThis investigation focuses on the Vietnam War (1955-1975), and will explore the question: â€Å"To what extent did role of Vietnamese women in society change after the Vietnam War?† The investigation will focus on the years 1945-1987, to analyze their role prior to the war, as well as after. The first source to be evaluated is The Position of Women in Vietnam, written by Richard J. Coughlin in 1950. The origin of this source is valuable because it was written during the time period that this investigationRead MoreLife From Active Duty Is Notoriously Difficult For Soldiers Suffering From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1655 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasise that PTSD and similar mental illnesses alone do not make people violent. PTSD, she adds, is an â€Å"enabling factor† rather than an explanation for violence. Mrs Willis argues that the primary cause of domestic violence is gender inequality. If gender inequality wasn’t the primary cause, she says we would expect to see domestic violence being committed at roughly similar rates by both men and women. 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Music and songs have been created to protest wars, raise awareness to violence, express pride in one s race and culture, and challenge political forums, only to name a few examples. For example, â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire† by Billy Joel was created to oppose United States involvement in the Vietnam War, alongRead MoreReligious Conflict in Muslim Countries Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesmodernization, and by extension with modernization theory, a construct very much in vogue in devel opment and foreign aid circles between the 1950s and 1970s. Islamic law in many ways institutionalized prejudice, bias, inequality and intolerance are not accepted in the West. Equality of gender is not recognized as much control womens behavior is not guaranteed in a free world and stressful social pressures and even violent when they are violated. This result in a constant atmosphere of oppression, which

The Love Of My Life - 1316 Words

I lay awake on a freezing winters night. It was as cold as an arctic snowstorm, and as dark as a planet with no sun. My eyes were open as wide as a deer’s in front of a moving vehicle. There was one thing on my mind, and one thing only, the love of my life. Her long silky hair, her smooth, tanned skin, her pristine beauty and her effervescent, god like personality were all I ever desired; She was as sweet as a honeycomb and as unique as a sparkling snowflake in a vast blizzard. Our relationship had once been absolutely immaculate, absolutely flawless; or so I believed. There was only one problem, one only; it seemed as though no matter how hard I endeavoured to fulfil her desires, I just couldn t. For I had endured thousands of long hours in the scalding heat, toiling endlessly; building prodigious mansions for men who were far more powerful than me, earning nothing but a mere pittance. However, it was worth enduring the sweet agony to win her love. I was but a lowly peasant, as common as a miniscule grain of sand in the expansive plains of the Sahara desert. My sweet darling on the other hand, was rare, rare as a diamond star that had fallen from the heavens in the dark of night, illuminating the darkness with the power of her light, for her brightness had filled that dark void that was my life. For she was the daughter of the supreme rulers of this vast land. I, on the other hand was the son of paupers; I grew up in a tiny village and my parents spent every dayShow MoreRelatedThe Love Of My Life972 Words   |  4 Pages -Part One- The love of my life ,this story made me think about my own life of many things I could relate too. Questioning my actions, leading up to my present life . I can definitely relate having three kids all out of wedlock moreover being reckless with love. Gentlemen promising me love, understanding and help when I too became pregnant. Sadly though, I did not receive what I was led on to believe I would get. 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Jeremy and china are main character that represent teenager’s role in this article. They have an immature love in each other because they have the physical relationship by looking movie and behavior from parents, however; they don’tRead MoreThe Love Of My Life983 Words   |  4 Pagesthis is â€Å"The Love of My Life† by T.C. Boyle which illustrates the theme of weather and its connection to love. Weather always have some sort of connection with humans’ emotion regardless the person’s situation. In â€Å"The Love of My Life† the main characters Jeremy and China show their love through moments of certain weather. Explicit and dangerous weather make a perfect scene for love and cuddle. Jeremy and China get into a lot of emotion with the intense weather. In â€Å"The Love of My Life† T.C. 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Some of the experiences have been extremely positive and others leave much to be desired. The study of Adult development theories will allow me to analyze the past and help me to describe the journey my life has taken. The combined experiences have brought me to â€Å"Love my Life† today,Read MoreThe True Love Of My Life At The Time2022 Words   |  9 Pagesmajority of my free time is spent either watching or discussing television programs, and happily so. Many of my friendships have been formed after finding that the other person was a fan of shows I’d also enjoyed. This was not always the case, however. When I was very young, TV held little interest for me. Of course, I watched some of the standard children’s shows, but the true love of my life at the time was reading. According to my mother, I took it upon myself to teach myself to read after my teacherRead MoreThe Day That Changed My Life And Love Of Volleyball1529 Words   |  7 Pages Sunday February 28th, 2015. I remember that date, as if it happened yesterday. That was the day that changed my life and love of volleyball. This was the day I got severely injured during a volleyball tournament. The day had started and gone by painfully slow. Wherever I walked throughout North High School hallways you noticed volleyball bags, blankets, coolers, food and wrappers all stuffed into a small corner that a team redeemed as their spot. When I walked back into the muggy hot gym, I could

The Italian Renaissance Review Sheet Free Essays

Unit One: The Italian Renaissance Review Sheet 1. People to know: -Savonarola-gained power in Florence in 1494. Exercised strict rule until overthrown in 1498 -Julius II-The Warrior Pope. We will write a custom essay sample on The Italian Renaissance: Review Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Led armies against the French and Venetians -Tudors (why powerful? )- Edward IV? Richard II? Henry VII. Used Star Chamber against nobles and Henry VII rebuilt monarchy -Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (Inquisition why? )-Marriage created union of Spain. Completed Reconquista and Inquisition? anti-Semitism -Charles V/Hapsburg- Holy Roman Emperor. 1521: Habsburg-Valois Wars? Battlefield was often Italy -Mirandola- Oration of the Dignity of Man -â€Å"Renaissance popes†- Became increasingly secular . Nicholas V? Pius II ? Sixtus IV? Alexander Vi? Julius II? Leo X 2. Vocabulary: converses, hermanades, Renaissance, oligarchies, signori, commune, popolo (what did they want? /what was their condition? ), humanism, secularism, individualism, Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, infanticide/foundling hospitals, Medici Family (how they got their wealth), Quattrocento 3. Art: How artists were viewed, how they viewed medieval past, Michelangelo, Ghiberti, Raphael, Da Vinci, patrons (why support artists? , Brunelleschi (Dome of St. Peter’s), Jan Van Eyck 4. Printing Press: changes it brought, when? Who? 5. New Monarchs: Who supported? Who resisted? , Charles VII of France centralizing efforts, tactics of the English kings (Henry VII and Henry VIII) to gain power, Star Chamber, Ferdinand and Isabella tactics, Iberian Peninsula, War of the Roses 6. Ideas: Vie w of rape in Renaissance; view of black slaves; women in the Renaissance/upper class versus ordinary women; source of wealth of Italian communes 7. Writers: Castiglione (The Book of the Courtier), Machiavelli (The Prince/views), Dante (Divine Comedy), Petrarch, Laura Cereta (women ideas), Peter Paul Vergerio (education), Lorenzo Valla (textual criticism), Boccaccio (The Decameron), Erasmus (In Praise of Folly/ideas), 8. Northern Renaissance: Thomas More (Utopia/ideas), Christopher Marlowe, Nicholas Copernicus (Polish astronomer), How differ from Italian Renaissance? 9. Characteristics of Italian Renaissance: Greek/Roman (Latin), individual city states (list), Florence, secular, civic affairs, curiosity, powerful families, manners/morals, how did it end? , crisis in the 14th C, wars How to cite The Italian Renaissance: Review Sheet, Papers

International Business Case Study Essay Example

International Business Case Study Essay Over the next 50 years, changes in the relative performance, scale, and scope of the world’s economies will be dramatic. Most notably, data indicate that the combined economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China—the so-called BRICs—should surpass those of the G7 nations by 2050 [see Fig. 4. 5]. In fact, of the original G7 nations, only Japan and the United States will still rank among the world’s largest economies at that time. Thus, managers need to rethink their traditional views of the economic environment as they encounter fundamental shifts in investment and spending, increasing competition for inputs in the world’s commodity markets, and the rapid growth of consumer markets in many transition economies. Other significant impacts loom as the leaders of the BRIC nations seek to collectively develop their economies and political presence through the creation of a multilateral alliance amongst themselves. No matter what the outcome, the fallout will be momentous as the world’s emerging economies come into their own. Questions 1. Debate the relative merits of GNI per capita versus the idea of purchasing power and human development as indicators of economic potential in Brazil, Russia, China, and India. Gross national income per capita (GNI per capita) represents the market value of all final goods and services newly produced in an economy by a country’s domestically-owned firms in a given year divided by its population. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, GNI per capita serves as a very useful indicator of current individual wealth and consumption patterns; those countries with high populations as well as high per capita GNI are most desirable in terms of total market potential. Purchasing power parity (PPP) represents the number of units of a country’s currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market that one unit of income would buy in another country. PPP is estimated by calculating the alue of a universal â€Å"basket of goods† that can be purchased with one unit of a country’s currency and thus serves as a useful indicator of international differences in prices that are not reflected by nominal exchange rates. The Human Development Index measures life expectancy, education (primarily the adult literacy rate), and income per person and is designed to capture long-term progress rather than short-term changes. Thus, by combining indicators of real purchasing power, educ ation, and health, the index provides a comprehensive measure of a country’s standard of living that incorporates both economic and social variables. . Map the proposed sequence of the evolution of the BRIC’s economies. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investments and organize their local market operations? The BRIC’s economies are on the verge of the rapid growth of their consumer markets. (Experience indicates that consumer demand takes off when GNI per capita reaches levels between $3,000 and $10,000 per year. ) In Russia there is already significant evidence of the growth of consumerism during the past decade. There are also early signs of similar trends in China and India, where the growth of their middle classes is very rapid. It is expected that within a decade or so, each of the BRICs will show higher returns, increased demand for capital, and stronger national currencies. Thus, foreign firms will want to monitor major economic indicators such as GNI, PPP, and the Human Development Index, as well as developments in the cultural, political, and legal environments of those nations. 3. What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs to careers and companies in your country? Responses will vary according to the level of economic development and the economic basis of a student’s home country. Those students from industrialized nations may feel challenged and express the fear of a decline in their standards of living due to increased pressures in the labor market and the declining cost competitiveness of their countries’ firms. On the other hand, students from developing countries may be hopeful that their countries will be able to successfully generate and/or compete for the investment capital and those business activities that lead to significant economic growth and the increasing lobal competitiveness of their countries’ firms. How-ever, there is ample room for exceptions to these feelings, given the present and future comparative advantages of particular nations. Chapter FIVE GLOBALIZATION AND SOCIETY CLOSING CASE: Anglo American in South Africa Anglo American PLC is a mining conglomerate that operates in 61 countries via eight key businesses. Founded in 1917 as the Anglo American Corp. of South Africa and now headquartered in London, Anglo American is th e largest producer of gold in the world. With a South African workforce of more than 90,000 employees in its primary operations and another 44,000 spread across its subsidiaries, the firm is one of the largest in the region. Heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Anglo American was one of the first companies to establish a proactive, comprehensive strategy to combat the raging effects of the disease on its workforce and production systems. Along with many other MNEs, Anglo American also joined the Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS, an organization that focuses on (a) alleviating the effects of AIDS throughout the world and (b) protecting the rights of infected workers. In response to the failure of its AIDS prevention policy, the company announced in 2001 that it would be running a feasibility study to determine whether it would make antiretroviral treatments available to its workforce. (The prevalence of HIV-positive workers had risen to an average of 21 percent across all of its operations and was increasing by nearly 2 percent annually. ) However, just a year after the announcement, Anglo American decided to abandon the study, citing the risk and the expenses involved as being too great and numerous other factors as being too difficult to manage. However, the company insisted that it had not completely abandoned the idea of a pilot study and expressed hopes that a more reasonable arrangement could be made involving the entire industry and the South African government. Questions 1. What choices does the government of South Africa have in the face of the HIV/AIDS epidemic? What do you think it should do? South Africa suffers one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the world—approximately 5. 3 million cases in a population of 45 million people. Each day another 1,500 South African people are infected with the virus. Despite the dire threat posed by the epidemic, the South African government has proved to be one of the least committed to effective intervention. It has diverted little of its budget to dealing with the crisis and has been very resistant to the widespread distribution of antiretroviral drugs on the grounds that such action would be far too expensive and difficult to do effectively. However, the government needs to confront the crisis! It should begin with the development of a health care system and infrastructure adequate to deal with the sheer number of people in need of care. The government should also seek to partner with international aid agencies, other international organizations, and the private sector, including pharmaceutical firms, to develop a feasible, comprehensive strategy. [Note: student responses to the latter part of the question will vary, given their individual beliefs regarding the role of government in society. ] 2. Why did Anglo American halt its pilot study on the feasibility of providing antiretroviral therapy to its employees? Do you agree with the decision? What recommendation would you give the company concerning its HIV/AIDS policy? Anglo American claimed that the risk and the expenses associated with the study were too great. In contrast, however, by 1991 Coca-Cola was providing free anti-retroviral drug therapy to 1,500 AIDS-infected employees in Africa, and De Beers (in which Anglo American has a 45 percent stake) was paying 90 percent of the costs of the treatment for its AIDS-infected employees and their spouses. Given that the company expressed hopes that a more reasonable arrangement could be made involving the entire industry and the government, it appears that Anglo American is attempting to shift at least part of the responsibility for solving the crisis to the government and to other stakeholders. [Again, student responses will vary, given their individual beliefs regarding the role of the private sector in society. ] 3. What role do the pharmaceutical companies play in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa? What would you recommend to a pharmaceutical company that produced HIV/AIDS drugs? The pharmaceutical companies have a unique role to play in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa and throughout the world because they are the source of the drugs with which to combat this plague. However, the enormity of the epidemic is truly daunting. Given the sheer number of people in need, on the one hand, and the utter lack of resources, on the other, one could easily conclude that there is relatively little that can be done to alleviate the suffering and stop the spread of the disease. Still in all, the pharmaceutical companies can seek to partner with aid agencies, international organizations, governments, and the private sector in their search for acceptable and effective solutions. Pharmaceutical firms will most surely be concerned about the issue of patent protection and generic drugs, as well as the prospect of tiered pricing and significantly lower profit margins. Governments, other members of the private sector, and other stakeholders will all need to be mindful of the tremendous costs and risks that are borne by pharmaceutical firms. Further, given the extent and the seriousness of the problem, a lack of commitment on the part of any stakeholder will be a serious setback in the march toward a community solution. Chapter SIX INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FACTOR MOBILITY THEORY CLOSING CASE: LUKoil [See Map 6. 2. ] LUKoil was one of several firms created in 1991 out of Russia’s state-owned petroleum monopoly. While both Russia and LUKoil must export to meet their economic objectives, political relations within and outside of Russia could impair LUKoil’s future ability to export. Thus, foreign investment and ties to Western oil companies are very important to the firm’s ultimate success. Controlling 19 percent of Russia’s oil production and refining capacity and employing more than 120,000 people in its operations worldwide, LUKoil has become Russia’s largest oil company. It is also the first Russian oil company to integrate from â€Å"oil wells to filling stations. † High market prices have enabled LUKoil to amass sufficient capital to make substantial foreign investments. While much of its FDI has been directed to nearby countries, LUKoil has also acquired 100 percent of Getty Petroleum in the United States, as well as 800 U. S. stations from ConocoPhillips. Forward integration into filling stations will guarantee LUKoil market access and enable the company to sell its crude oil during times of global oversupply. Further, LUKoil sees its foreign acquisitions as a means of gaining experienced personnel, technology, and competitive know-how to help it compete more efficiently and effectively both at home and abroad. Questions 1. What theories of trade help to explain Russia’s position as an oil exporter? Which ones do not, and why? Both the theories of absolute and competitive advantage help to explain Russia’s position as an oil exporter. Prices in the global oil market are driven by the laws of supply and demand. Given the fact that Russia now has 15 more proven reserves than Saudi Arabia and its oil companies have become major global competitors, the country enjoys both natural and acquired advantages with respect to oil. Thus, factor proportions theory is applicable. The fact that a preponderance of its foreign expansion has been to countries of the former Soviet Union supports the country similarity theory. The Porter Diamond of national competitive advantage also helps to explain Russia’s position as an oil exporter. Global demand conditions are favorable; and Russian oil companies are making significant strides in the areas of factors conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Neither the interventionist theory of mercantilism nor the theories of country size apply. Further, product life cycle theory does not apply because petroleum is not an appropriate type of product for that model. 2. How do global political and economic conditions affect world markets and prices of oil? Global political and economic conditions affect world markets and prices because of their real and perceived effects on global supply. In spite of their general upward trend, oil prices have fluctuated widely in response to events during the twenty-first century. OPEC’s supply quotas, general economic uncertainty, China’s economic expansion, political unrest in Venezuela, and the war in Iraq have all contributed to the favorable market conditions that have led to record-setting prices and profits in the global oil industry. 3. Discuss the following statement as it applies to Russia and LUKoil. â€Å"Regardless of the advantages a country may gain by trading, international trade will begin only if companies within that country have competitive advantages that enable them to be viable traders—and they must foresee profits in exporting and importing. Given the globalization of the world’s oil industry on the one hand, and the massive capacity of Russia’s oil producers on the other, it is vital that Russia’s domestic companies have competitive advantages that enable them to operate profitably in global markets. Otherwise, foreign competitors that can do so would be in a position not just to serve the wor ld’s markets, but to enter the Russian market via foreign direct investment, if such action were permissible. Thus, it is critical that both LUKoil and other Russian oil companies become as efficient as the major global competitors, either by developing or acquiring the latest petroleum technology, marketing skills, and operating efficiencies that will yield the efficiencies required to effectively compete at both the global and local levels. 4. In LUKoil’s situation, what is the relationship between factor mobility and exports? Capital, technology, and skilled employees are all critical factors in the global oil industry. Even in Russia oil production and processing are capital-intensive activities that require massive amounts of highly valuable and highly specialized capital equipment manned by skilled laborers. Investment naturally flows to those sites where oil is abundant and production activities are the most efficient. Because oil is a limited resource and demand exists the world over, competitors such as LUKoil serve their global customers via production sites that are scattered across the world. Whereas LUKoil’s European customers will likely be served from its European reserves, other customers are more likely to be served by oil sourced from its holdings in other parts of the world. 5. Compare the role of the Costa Rican government in the chapter’s opening case with the role of the Russian government in their use of trade to meet national economic objectives. The roles of the two governments are quite different in the sense that Costa Rica set about developing acquired advantages in targeted industries, while Russia chose to exploit its given natural resources in order to compete in global export markets as it transitioned to a market-based economy. Although exports of coffee and bananas are still important to Costa Rica, high-tech manufactured products (electronics, software, and medical devices) are now the backbone of that country’s economy and export earnings. On the other hand, as Russia moved through the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy, it fashioned competitive enterprises such as LUKoil from its state-owned assets. Those firms have since had to rely on their earnings in order to develop or acquire needed products, processes, facilities, and/or employees.